In Constantine's dfer version, the dough is pinched into tiny pieces about the size of a fingernail, dfer meaning 'nails', instead of being torn from a flatbread.
Chakhchoukha is made from rougag, thin semolina flatbreads cooked on a griddle, torn into small pieces and steamed, then soaked in a rich, spiced tomato-based lamb sauce with chickpeas and butter.