Archaeologists found fish bones cut in telltale cube shapes at a 10th-to-13th-century balangay site in Butuan, Mindanao — evidence that this raw-fish technique predates Spanish colonization by hundreds of years.
Cubed raw fish is 'cooked' using vinegar rather than citrus, mixed with onion, ginger, chili, and black pepper until the acid firms up the flesh. Mindanao's coastal markets and street-side seafood stalls serve it as a sharp, tangy starter, often alongside grilled dishes.